#大有学问#

春节期间流行送茶叶，南方比北方更甚，那么送茶叶有什么讲究呢？国内六大茶类是怎么区分的呢？绿茶、白茶、黄茶、红茶、青茶、黑茶是不是用不同茶树的叶子做成不同茶呢？ 事实上，相同的一片叶子就可以做成六大茶类。

一、绿茶：不发酵 讲究新鲜

绿茶的特点是鲜叶采摘后高温迅速灭掉其中酶类，抑制茶多酚氧化。所以绿茶具有“三绿”的特点：干茶绿，茶汤绿，冲泡后的叶底也是绿色的。

Green tea is characterized by the rapid inactivation of enzymes in the fresh leaves at high temperature after picking, and the inhibition of tea polyphenol oxidation. Therefore, green tea has the characteristics of "three green": dry green tea, green tea soup, and green leaf bottom after brewing.

【代表品种】黄山毛峰，太平猴魁，西湖龙井，太湖碧螺春

黄山毛峰

太平猴魁

西湖龙井

碧螺春

【喝法】以85℃水冲泡为宜。在茶具方面，可以选用瓷杯或透明玻璃杯，冲泡时不要盖盖子。 绿茶是未发酵茶，茶叶中保留了鲜叶的大部分营养物质，在冲泡的时候水温不能太高，冲泡的时间也不能太长，否则会破坏茶叶中的活性物质。建议12秒内出第一泡茶。

【最适合人群】工作忙碌、用电脑较多的青年人;体质偏热、胃火旺、精力充沛的人也可多饮用; 绿茶营养丰富，但对肠胃刺激较大，所以过敏体质、脾胃虚寒者不适合;神经虚弱者、易失眠者晚上也不适合。

Suitable for young people with busy work; People with hot constitution, strong stomach and energy can also drink more; Green tea is rich in nutrition, but it has great stimulation to the intestines and stomach, so it is not suitable for people with allergic constitution and spleen and stomach deficiency cold; It is not suitable for people with nervous weakness and insomnia at night.

二、白茶：不发酵 制作简单

白茶是制作最为简单的一种茶类，经两三天纯天然酝酿而成，不经任何微发酵，不促进也不抑制茶多酚的氧化。远远看去，就像一座白雪皑皑的小山，因此得名。

White tea is the simplest kind of tea. It is brewed naturally for two or three days without any Fermentation, and does not promote or inhibit the oxidation of tea polyphenols. From a distance, it looks like a snowy hill, so it is named.

【代表品种】福鼎白茶

白茶

【喝法】泡白茶很简单，选用沸水，抓一撮丢杯子泡。建议10秒内出第一泡。

【最适合人群】适合精神紧张、压力大者;少年儿童喝白茶有利于保护眼睛。

Suitable for those who are nervous and stressed; Drinking white tea is good for children to protect their eyes.

三、黄茶：轻发酵 “闷”黄

黄茶很少见，甚至生活在黄茶茶区的人都不一定知道黄茶。会烧菜的人都知道青菜闷在锅里就会变黄。黄茶也是这样。黄茶在像绿茶一样杀青之后，通过湿热和干热两种方式让绿茶的茶叶变黄。

Yellow tea is rare, and even people living in the yellow tea area may not know yellow tea. People who can cook vegetables know that green vegetables will turn yellow when they are in the pot, and so will yellow tea. After the green tea is shaqin like green tea, the green tea leaves are yellowed by wet heat and dry heat.

【代表品种】广东大叶青

黄茶

【喝法】黄茶是轻微发酵的茶，与绿茶的特性比较接近，冲泡的时候只要比绿茶的冲泡时间稍微长两三秒钟即可。建议15秒出第一泡茶。

【最适合人群】适合消化不良，食欲不振者。

Suitable for people with indigestion and anorexia.

四、青茶：半发酵 特点折中

青茶也叫乌龙茶，属于半发酵茶，，但是这个“半”是不怎么准确的。因为在乌龙茶中，发酵程度最轻的包种茶快接近绿茶了，发酵程度最重的东方美人茶快接近红茶了。

Green tea, also known as oolong tea, belongs to half-fermented tea, but this "half" is not very accurate. Because among oolong tea, the tea with the lightest degree of fermentation is close to green tea, and the tea with the heaviest degree of fermentation is close to black tea.

【代表品种】铁观音，大红袍，武夷岩茶，白芽奇兰

铁观音

大红袍

白芽奇兰

【喝法】选用容易茶水分离的器皿（盖碗、一壶一杯或者飘逸杯），且一定要用100℃的沸水，冲泡后要加盖。注意，每一次冲泡都要将其中的茶汤倒干净才不会影响下一泡的滋味。建议10秒内出第一泡茶。

【最适合人群】适宜人群最广，尤其适合需要减肥、吃得过饱、心情急躁的人。

It is suitable for the widest range of people, especially those who need to lose weight, overeat and impatient.

五、红茶：全发酵 茶汤红亮

发酵是为了促进红茶中的茶多酚氧化。茶多酚本身是一种无色的物质，其中的儿茶素在红茶加工的过程中聚合形成了黄色的茶黄素和红色的茶红素，因此红茶的茶汤红亮、叶底也是红色的。只是红茶在干燥的过程中，由于水分的散失，茶叶表面的茶色素颜色加深因此红茶的干茶是黑色的。

Fermentation is to promote the oxidation of tea polyphenols in red tea. Tea polyphenol itself is a colorless substance, in which catechins polymerize to form yellow theaflavins and red thearubins in the process of black tea processing, so the red tea soup is bright red and the leaf bottom is also red. However, during the drying process of tea, due to the loss of water, the color of the tea pigment on the tea surface is deepened, so the dry tea of red tea seems black.

【代表品种】祁门红茶，正山小种，金骏眉

祁门红茶

正山小种

金骏眉

【喝法】用90-95℃水，茶具可以选择白瓷茶具。注意，红茶不要喝新茶，要放置半个月后饮用。 一般情况下浸泡时间都不需要太久，前几泡十秒以内就可出汤，如果时间过长，则容易造成茶汤苦涩，在这个大原则基础上，再根据自己的口感偏好和实际情况，做一些微调。

【最适合人群】最适合身体较虚、脾胃功能差、手脚发凉者饮用者。

It is most suitable for people with weak body, poor spleen and stomach function, and cold hands and feet.

六、黑茶：后发酵

同样是促进茶多酚氧化和内质转变的茶，黑茶和红茶的不同在于：红茶的酶促反应动力来自茶叶自身的酶，而黑茶来自微生物产生的酶。所以黑茶称之为抑制茶叶自身酶活而促进微生物活动的后发酵茶。黑茶具有一定促进消化和调节肠道微生物菌群等作用。

The red tea also promotes the oxidation of tea polyphenols and the endoplasmic transformation. The difference between red tea and black tea is that the enzymatic reaction power of red tea comes from the enzymes of tea itself, while black tea comes from the enzymes produced by microorganisms. Therefore, black tea is called post-fermented tea that inhibits the enzyme activity of tea itself and promotes microbial activity. Black tea can promote digestion and regulate intestinal microflora.

【代表品种】云南普洱，六堡茶，安化黑茶

云南普洱

六堡茶

安化黑茶

【喝法】喝黑茶如果是粗老的原料可以煮着喝，如果是嫩的原料可以用100℃沸水冲泡喝。 相对于其他茶叶，黑茶也更耐泡，第1泡20秒。

【最适合人群】去脂解腻效果强，适合肥胖、血糖高、血脂高、抽烟喝酒、便秘的人。由于性质温和，虚寒体质者较适合。

It has a strong degreasing effect and is suitable for people with obesity, high blood sugar, high blood fat, smoking and drinking, and constipation. Because of its mild nature, people with cold constitution are more suitable.

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